Aluminum-salt-based vaccine adjuvants are prevailingly used in FDA-approved vaccines for
the prevention of infectious diseases for over eighty years. Despite their safe applications,
the mechanisms regarding how the material characteristics affect the interactions at nano–
bio interface and immunogenicity remain unclear. Recently, studies have indicated that the
activation of NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in inducing adjuvant effects that are
controlled by the inherent shape and hydroxyl contents of aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) …