[HTML][HTML] Ergodicity breaking under confinement in cold-atom quantum simulators

JY Desaules, GX Su, IP McCulloch, B Yang… - Quantum, 2024 - quantum-journal.org
Quantum, 2024quantum-journal.org
The quantum simulation of gauge theories on synthetic quantum matter devices has gained
a lot of traction in the last decade, making possible the observation of a range of exotic
quantum many-body phenomena. In this work, we consider the spin-$1/2$ quantum link
formulation of $1+ 1$ D quantum electrodynamics with a topological $\theta $-angle, which
can be used to tune a confinement-deconfinement transition. Exactly mapping this system
onto a PXP model with mass and staggered magnetization terms, we show an intriguing …
Abstract
The quantum simulation of gauge theories on synthetic quantum matter devices has gained a lot of traction in the last decade, making possible the observation of a range of exotic quantum many-body phenomena. In this work, we consider the spin- quantum link formulation of D quantum electrodynamics with a topological -angle, which can be used to tune a confinement-deconfinement transition. Exactly mapping this system onto a PXP model with mass and staggered magnetization terms, we show an intriguing interplay between confinement and the ergodicity-breaking paradigms of quantum many-body scarring and Hilbert-space fragmentation. We map out the rich dynamical phase diagram of this model, finding an ergodic phase at small values of the mass and confining potential , an emergent integrable phase for large , and a fragmented phase for large values of both parameters. We also show that the latter hosts resonances that lead to a vast array of effective models. We propose experimental probes of our findings, which can be directly accessed in current cold-atom setups.
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