Metabolic costs are central to individual energy budgets, making estimates of metabolic rate
vital to understanding how an organism interacts with its environment as well as the role of
species in their ecosystem. Despite the ecological and commercial importance of fishes,
there are currently no widely adopted means of measuring field metabolic rate in fishes. The
lack of recognized methods is in part due to the logistical difficulties of measuring metabolic
rates in free swimming fishes. However, further development and refinement of techniques …