… identify further independent waves of transmission. Indeed, we cannot rule out the possibility
of an El Tor population persisting or evolving as a new wave of the seventh pandemic; for …

… 19th century and waves of epidemic disease continue today. … without epidemics, the seventh
cholera pandemic spread globally … reservoirs and sources of international transmissions. …

… early seventh-pandemic strains, we used various strategies to … represent the three waves of
the seventh pandemic (Table S1)… There is very strong evidence that the three strains used in …

… In this review, we focus on a cholera outbreak that started in 1991 in Peru, turning into an …
Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic. Nature …

… Recent studies on the global transmission of pandemic V. … supports the perception that the
seventh cholera pandemic (7CP) has … cholerae isolates is able to provide critical evidence in …

… seventh cholera pandemic is continuing more than 50 years and the implicated El Tor biotype
has undergone several … then spread across the world in three distinct waves. It took almost …

… that the European cholera outbreaks studied were caused by … resistance determinants in
cholera outbreak strains over time. … different patterns in Europe during the seventh pandemic of …

… Specifically, the current seventh cholera pandemic is caused by different pathotypes …
cholerae O1 El Tor, a third wave of global transmission of the cholera seventh pandemic reached …

… bear different variants of cholera toxin with different transmission … , waves of global transmission
during the 7P (3, 4). … recurrent patterns of transmission for cholera epidemics in Africa. …

… cholera pandemics have occurred since the onset of the first report in 1817 and the seventh
one … Other limitations to this approach are the necessity of multiple doses, limited evidence of …