In the present scenario of rice pest management, host plant resistance is playing a pivotal role. It is the easiest way to reduce pesticide load in rice ecosystems as well as to mitigate pest problem under adverse environmental conditions. With the development of nitrogen responsive high yielding rice varieties and hybrids, several insect pests and diseases assumed major status. Significant effort has been made in the past to develop resistant varieties against different pests, particularly, brown plant hopper, gall midge, blast and bacterial blight with identified resistant genes. But gradually, most of the developed varieties have lost their resistance resulting in more frequent and severe pest outbreaks. Therefore, again the search has began for new resistant donors of different pests from the existing vast germplasm collection of the country including those identified in the past. The mechanism of resistance in identified genotypes has to be studied by assessing its effect on pest biology and behavior or disease infection pattern. Molecular marker analysis of resistant genotypes (donors) will give an indication of the presence of a known or new gene effective against the particular pest. A set of donors should always be in place to be utilized in resistance breeding programme for the development of pest resistant varieties, which will benefit rice farmers of the country.