This chapter profiles the U.S. construction industry and its workers, describes the fall hazards on construction worksites, and analyzes the trends and patterns in fatal and nonfatal falls among U.S. construction workers in the last decades. The statistics reported in this chapter were obtained from several large, nationally representative datasets collected by the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In addition to injury statistics, this chapter discusses how the characteristics of the construction industry and changing demographics, such as small establishments, self-employment, increasing use of temporary workers and temporary agencies, the aging construction workforce, and increasing immigrant employment affect fall injuries. Fall prevention efforts and resources in construction, including the national campaign launched by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for OccupationalCONTENTS4.1 Profile of the U.S. Construction Industry .........................................................................42 4.1.1 Construction Industry .............................................................................................42 4.1.2 Construction Workforce ..........................................................................................42 4.1.3 Fall Hazards in Construction .................................................................................46