Field survey following the 28 October 2012 Haida Gwaii tsunami

LJ Leonard, JM Bednarski - Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2014 - Springer
LJ Leonard, JM Bednarski
Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2014Springer
This article documents the near-field effects of the largest tsunami of 2012 (globally), which
occurred following Canada's second-largest recorded earthquake, on a thrust fault offshore
western Haida Gwaii on October 28 (UTC). Despite a lack of reported damaging waves on
the coast of British Columbia (largest amplitudes were recorded in Hawaii), three field
surveys in the following weeks and months reveal that much of the remote unpopulated,
uninstrumented coastline of western Haida Gwaii was impacted by significant tsunami …
Abstract
This article documents the near-field effects of the largest tsunami of 2012 (globally), which occurred following Canada’s second-largest recorded earthquake, on a thrust fault offshore western Haida Gwaii on October 28 (UTC). Despite a lack of reported damaging waves on the coast of British Columbia (largest amplitudes were recorded in Hawaii), three field surveys in the following weeks and months reveal that much of the remote unpopulated, uninstrumented coastline of western Haida Gwaii was impacted by significant tsunami waves that reached up to 13 m above the state of tide. Runup exceeded 3 m at sites spanning ~200 km of the coastline. Greatest impacts were apparent at the heads of narrow inlets and bays on western Moresby Island, where natural and manmade debris with a clear oceanward origin was found on the forest floor and caught in tree branches, inferring flow depths up to 2.5 m. Bays that see regular exposure to storm waves were generally less affected; at these sites a storm origin cannot be ruled out for the debris surveyed. Logs disturbed from their apparent former footprints on the forest floor at the head of Pocket Inlet provide evidence of complex runup, backwash and oblique flow patterns, as noted in other tsunamis. Discontinuous muddy sediments were found at a few sites; sedimentation was not proportional to runup. Lessons learned from our study of the impacts of the Haida Gwaii tsunami may prove useful to future post-tsunami and paleotsunami surveys, as well as tsunami hazard assessments.
Springer
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