Different aspects of mixtures of decanoic acid and sodium decanoate were investigated in aqueous solution up to a total concentration of 300 mM. Depending on the ratio of ionized to nonionized decanoic acid, micelles or vesicles form above the critical concentrations of micelle (cmc) or the critical concentration for vesicle formation (cvc). The micelles and the vesicles are always present together with nonmicellized or nonvesiculized decanoate. The latter was determined for different total concentrations. On the basis of titration curves, by application of the Gibbs phase rule, and on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry measurements and an electron microscopy analysis, the pH region within which vesicles exist was identified (pH 6.8−7.8). At pH 7.0, the concentration of nonvesiculized decanoate is ∼20 mM. Decanoic acid/decanoate vesicles can be sized down by the extrusion technique to form stable and mainly unilamellar vesicles with a mean diameter of less than 100 nm. By coaddition of an equimolar amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) to decanoic acid, vesicles also formed below pH 6.8. These mixed vesicles were investigated as potential templates for the peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of aniline at pH 4.3. Furthermore, decanaote micelles (at pH 11.0) were applied as reaction modifiers for the simultaneous competitive alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate and fluorescein diacetate. While the rate of hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate is slowed considerably in the presence of the micelles in comparison with the micelle-free system, the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate remains almost unaffected.