From new technologies to new solutions: Exploiting FRAM memories to enhance physical security

S Kerckhof, FX Standaert, E Peeters - Smart Card Research and Advanced …, 2014 - Springer
Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications: 12th International Conference …, 2014Springer
Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) is a promising non-volatile memory technology that is now
available in low-end microcontrollers. Its main advantages over Flash memories are faster
write performances and much larger tolerated number of write/erase cycles. These
properties are profitable for the efficient implementation of side-channel countermeasures
exploiting pre-computations. In this paper, we illustrate the interest of FRAM-based
microcontrollers for physically secure cryptographic hardware with two case studies. First we …
Abstract
Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) is a promising non-volatile memory technology that is now available in low-end microcontrollers. Its main advantages over Flash memories are faster write performances and much larger tolerated number of write/erase cycles. These properties are profitable for the efficient implementation of side-channel countermeasures exploiting pre-computations. In this paper, we illustrate the interest of FRAM-based microcontrollers for physically secure cryptographic hardware with two case studies. First we consider a recent shuffling scheme for the AES algorithm, exploiting randomized program memories. We exhibit significant performance gains over previous results in an Atmel microcontroller, thanks to the fine-grained programmability of FRAM. Next and most importantly, we propose the first working implementation of the “masking with randomized look-up table” countermeasure, applied to reduced versions of the block cipher LED. This implementation provides unconditional security against side-channel attacks (of all orders!) under the assumption that pre-computations can be performed without leakage. It also provides high security levels in cases where this assumption is relaxed (e.g. for context or performance reasons).
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