Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms, their systems and processes in manufacturing or service industries. Biotechnology has presented a contemporary medical strategy for investigative and precautionary purposes, which include provision of vaccines, diagnostic test kits, and radio labeled biological therapeutics employed for analysis and imaging. Human health is a main rising apprehension globally due to infectious diseases. Expectancy of life, life quality and health has improved through the application of biotechnology. Malnutrition mostly occurs because of deficiency of vitamins and essential nutrients in food which eventually causes death. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the basic concepts of the recombinant DNA technology, its importance in clinical medicine that will be useful for understanding the importance of biomedical technology of recombinant DNA technology. We performed searches for research papers by using keywords such as recombinant DNA, sequencing DNA, gene therapy, genome, etc. Recombinant DNA technology primarily deals with the manipulation of genetic material (DNA) to attain the most wanted ambition in a programmed compartment. The advances in biotechnology is useful for quality health care (diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases), improved quality crop growth, foodstuff production, enzyme production, hormones, and accurate surveillance of the surroundings.