Olympic Dam is a supergiant Fe oxide Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit that is also strongly enriched in a wide range of elements, including F, S, C, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, V, W, Y, Zn, and rare earth elements (REE). The deposit contains more than 90 minerals. Mineralization was associated with intense, texturally destructive hematite and sericite alteration and brecciation of the primary host rock units, including Roxby Downs Granite, bedded clastic facies rocks, and mafic-ultramafic dikes. Based on comprehensive geological, geochemical, and mineralogical data sets collected during a deposit-scale resource delineation and sterilization drilling program (2003–2008), compiled with historical geological data and interpretations, we quantify geochemical and mineralogical associations and distribution patterns.