Background Despite remarkable progress in the improvement of child survival between
1990 and 2015, the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 target of a two-thirds reduction
of under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) was not achieved globally. In this paper, we updated our
annual estimates of child mortality by cause to 2000–15 to reflect on progress toward the
MDG 4 and consider implications for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target for
child survival. Methods We increased the estimation input data for causes of deaths by 43 …

Background Causes of mortality are a crucial input for health systems for identifying
appropriate interventions for child survival. We present an updated series of cause-specific
mortality for neonates and children younger than 5 years from 2000 to 2019. Methods We
updated cause-specific mortality estimates for neonates and children aged 1–59 months,
stratified by level (low, moderate, or high) of mortality. We made a substantial change in the
statistical methods used for previous estimates, transitioning to a Bayesian framework that …