Hierarchical cluster-based routing protocols are considered as one of the most efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to its higher energy efficiency, network scalability, and lower data retransmission. In cluster-based routing protocols the network is divided into clusters each with a cluster head (CH) that is used for data aggregation and transmission, and other non CH nodes are used for data sensing. The most important issue with clustering is how to select CH, and manage clusters. For this reason several cluster-based routing protocols have been proposed. In this paper we conduct a comprehensive list of the most recent hierarchical cluster-based routing protocols and discuss how these protocols reduce energy consuming and improve network life time. We classify the protocols according to node capabilities into homogeneous and heterogeneous protocols. While the former achieves uniform energy consumption, the later achieves lower hardware cost. Another level of classification is applied on the listed protocols based on the distance between the CH and the base station. The protocols are classified into single hop and multi hop. We then compare the protocols based on issues face each protocol and how to be overcome and improved by other proposed protocols. Finally we conclude with possible future research.