Abstract 3D multicomponent metal oxides with complex architectures can enable previously
impossible energy storage devices, particularly lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrodes with fully
controllable form factors. Existing additive manufacturing approaches for fabricating 3D
multicomponent metal oxides rely on particle‐based or organic–inorganic binders, which
are limited in their resolution and chemical composition, respectively. In this work, aqueous
metal salt solutions are used as metal precursors to circumvent these limitations, and …

The theoretical shrinkage can be determined, to a first approximation, by making the
following assumptions: 1) Each mol of Li+ and Co 2+ in the Li+/Co 2+ hydrogel is combined
into a mol of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO). 2) All other components in the hydrogel precursor
are removed during the combustion process, and leave negligible amounts of mass behind.
3) Aside from the changes in dimension from shrinkage, the net shape of the polymer is kept.