Immune reconstitution disease (IRD) in HIV-infected patients is an adverse consequence of
the restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses during the initial months of highly
active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Previously subclinical infections are" unmasked" or
pre-existing opportunistic infections clinically deteriorate as host immunopathological
inflammatory responses are" switched on". IRD is most frequently associated with
mycobacterial infections. Our literature search identified 166 published cases of IRD …

Immune reconstitution disease associated with a range of mycobacteria constitutes a
challenge to delivery of antiretroviral treatment worldwide. Data concerning the
pathogenesis and management of all forms of mycobacterial immune reconstitution disease
are lacking.