Large numbers of genetically stable, homozygous plants are needed for classical and molecular pepper breeding programmes. In the past 15 years, in vitro anther culture we have tested over 2,000 different genotypes originated from Hungarian sweet pepper types (Cecei, tomato-shaped, apple-shaped, white blocky, light green, and dark green blocky, green spice), Hungarian spice pepper genotypes, Dutch blocky types, Spanish types (Dolce Italiano, Lamuyo, red blocky) and Turkish types (eg, Dolma, Charliston). Major results achieved in the development of anther culture as follows: application of 3% maltose in induction phase for six days at 35 C, resulted in increase in the ratio of responding anthers and in plant regeneration. Androgenesis was induced in isolated microspore cultures of sweet and spice pepper varieties as well. The microspores were in optimal developmental stages for isolated microspore culture, when anthers contained 50-90% uni-nucleated and 20-50% bi-nucleated microspores at the collection of the donor buds. The heat pre-treatment onto 0.3 M mannitol had an important effect on the microspore development, because the treated microspores were developed and their development were synchronized. Wheat ovary co-culture was found to improve embryoid production and development. Foreign species (wheat,‘CY-45’) ovary co-culture method was more effective in embryoid production, than pepper ovaries. Green plantlets were regenerated from microspore-derived embryoids.