… Based on the finite difference method, the mean displacement corresponds to that for 1.5
month via Ekman pumping velocity averaged in the summer. The Ekman pumping velocity is
defined as curl(Δτ/f)/ρ, where Δτ is the ensemble mean difference of the wind stress vector, f is
the Coriolis parameter, and ρ is the water … 5, but the color is the ensemble mean difference
(CNTL − NWSB) of downward shortwave radiation (W m −2 ) at the sea surface between the
CNTL and NWSB simulations, and contours indicate the eastward current speed at sea …