Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is commonly used in various surgical
procedures in adults, but with technological and anaesthetic advancements, its use has
extended to the paediatric population. The use of IONM in children poses a unique set of
challenges considering the anatomical and physiological differences in this group of
patients. The use of IONM aids in the localization of neural structures and enables surgeons
to preserve the functional neural structures leading to decreased incidence of postoperative …

The use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in pediatric neurosurgery is
not new; however, its application to a wider range of procedures is a relatively new
development. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology underlying the
commonly employed IONM modalities and to describe their application to a subset of
pediatric neurosurgical procedures.