Caulis Bambusae in Taenia is a medicinal preparation from Bambusa tuldoides Munro consisting of skinless slices of the stem (bamboo shavings) and used as a traditional health food in tea, wine, and soup in Asia. Three novel lignans, (−)-7′-epi-lyoniresinol 4,9′-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), (−)-lyoniresinol 4,9′-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), bambulignan A (10), and seven known lignan compounds (1–6 and 9) were isolated from Caulis Bambusae in Taenia. The structures of the lignans were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS, HSQC, HMBC, NOE). All the isolated lignans were tested for antioxidant activities by DPPH and FARP assays. The results showed that the compounds (+)-lyoniresinol 9′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and (−)-7′-epi-lyoniresinol 9′-O-β-d- glucopyranoside (9) have strong free radical scavenging activity and reducing power.