Recent excavations in the Pleistocene of Corsica have led to a very important improvement in the knowledge of birds. Two main sites are of major concern here. First La Coscia Cave (Macinaggio, Haute-Corse), comprises mainly Upper Pleistocene, Early Würm, deposits (ca. 60 000 BP); it is situated north on the Corsican Cape. The Castiglione deposits (Oletta, Haute-Corse) are in tectonic fissures, and comprise three groups of fillings of different ages: Cast 1-Late Middle Pleistocene, Cast 3 CG sl-Earlier Middle Pleistocene, and Cast 3 PL sl-Latest Pleistocene to Early Holocene. Their study reveals a greater richness than the extant, comprising extant taxa still living on the island, extant taxa vanished from the island (eighteen for Corsica and nine for Sardinia), and completely extinct taxa, endemic or not, some being new. A total of 57 taxa are identified for the corso-sardinian Middle Pleistocene, and 126 for the Upper Pleistocene. The new taxa are: Aquila nov. sp., Aquila chrysaetos nov. ssp. and Turdus nov. sp., all three soon being published, as well as the following taxa, described herein: Falco peregrinus cyrneus, Tyto balearica cyrneichnusae, Pyrrhocorax graculus castiglionis and P. pyrrhocorax macrorhynchos. The study allows numerous updatings in the systematics, some modified diagnosis, and the highlighting of new osteological criteria of identification. Among the hypothesis that one can propose to account for the faunal turnovers observed between the Pleistocene and the Holocene, the most recurring is the climatic warming and the change in landscapes, with the disappearance of the steppe or steppe-tundra. The level of endemism appears to have been higher than today in Corsica. The endemic extinct taxa give some clues about parameters of ancient Corsica, and more generally about insular evolution in birds. One of the most particular and important aspects of the Middle Pleistocene Corsica regarding these phenomena is the richness of its Carnivores. Implications regarding environment, climate, and biogeography are also highlighted, site by site and more globally. Some chronological and biogeographical updatings and details are provided as regards extinct or extant taxa, at diverse scales, from Corsica to Europe. Explanations are proposed to account for the extinctions. Man doesn’t seem to have played a preponderant role here, contrary to what is known of contemporary mammalian extinctions on the Mediterranean islands, and also contrary to contemporary bird extinctions on oceanic islands.