This study examined the economic effects of Native American casinos on their surrounding rural counties. The relationship between the presence of a casino and four measures of per capita income was analyzed using econometric methods. The study's data are from Minnesota, a state in which 16 casinos opened between 1990 and 1993. In their first two years (1990 and 1991), casinos were significantly correlated with an increase in income earned by workers in the eating and drinking industry, and somewhat correlated with income earned by hotel and amusement industry workers. They had no significant effect on overall per capita income in their counties.