Anthropogenic alterations in urban areas influence the thermal environment causing
elevated atmospheric and subsurface temperatures. The subsurface urban heat island effect
is observed in several cities. Often shallow urban aquifers exist with thermal anomalies that
spread laterally and vertically, resulting in the long-term accumulation of heat. In this study,
we develop an analytical heat flux model to investigate possible drivers such as increased
ground surface temperatures (GSTs) at artificial surfaces and heat losses from basements of …