M33: a galaxy with no supermassive black hole
K Gebhardt, TR Lauer, J Kormendy… - The Astronomical …, 2001 - iopscience.iop.org
The Astronomical Journal, 2001•iopscience.iop.org
Galaxies that contain bulges appear to contain central black holes whose masses correlate
with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no corresponding relationship
applies in the pure disk galaxy M33. Three-integral dynamical models fit Hubble Space
Telescope WFPC2 photometry and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy
best if the central black hole mass is zero. The upper limit is 1500 M⊙. This is significantly
below the mass expected from the velocity dispersion of the nucleus and far below any mass …
with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no corresponding relationship
applies in the pure disk galaxy M33. Three-integral dynamical models fit Hubble Space
Telescope WFPC2 photometry and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy
best if the central black hole mass is zero. The upper limit is 1500 M⊙. This is significantly
below the mass expected from the velocity dispersion of the nucleus and far below any mass …
Abstract
Galaxies that contain bulges appear to contain central black holes whose masses correlate with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no corresponding relationship applies in the pure disk galaxy M33. Three-integral dynamical models fit Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 photometry and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy best if the central black hole mass is zero. The upper limit is 1500 M⊙. This is significantly below the mass expected from the velocity dispersion of the nucleus and far below any mass predicted from the disk kinematics. Our results suggest that supermassive black holes are associated only with galaxy bulges and not with their disks.
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