Many recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in different disease models. Infertility is a global disease with high prevalence and may be caused by male factor, decreased ovarian reserve, ovulatory factor, tubal factor, uterine factor, pelvic factor and unexplained infertility. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effects of MSCs in the treatment of ovarian insufficiency due to their differentiation capacity and paracrine effects. The differentiation capacities of MSCs obtained from different sources to germ cells were determined in vitro and their effects on ovarian niche were determined by transplantation of MSCs. In this review, we discuss the causes of ovarian insufficiency due to ovarian damage and summarize the current studies to determine the therapeutic effects of MSCs and conditioned media on ovarian damage.