The global environment has been variously compromised leading to problems such as global warming and radioactive contamination. In this feature article, we will focus especially on materials for environmental remediation based on the concept of materials nanoarchitectonics. The topics are classified into three categories: removal and degradation of toxic substances including waste due to fossil fuel usage and organic pollutants (continuously arising problems), current emerging topics concerning oil spills and nuclear waste (current urgent problems), and advanced methods based on supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology (including breakthroughs for future development).