Animal models of human drug abuse measuring (i) cocaine-seeking behavior maintained by
primary or secondary reinforcers,(ii) the time to extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior, and
(iii) following extinction, reinstatement of operant responding resulting in presentation of a
cocaine-associated stimulus were developed in rats. Animals were trained to respond on a
multiple schedule of food and intravenous cocaine reinforcement during which either food or
cocaine paired with auditory or visual stimuli were available during four alternating 30-min …