Mechanistic investigations in sonoenzymatic synthesis of n-butyl levulinate

K Kumar, K Roy, VS Moholkar - Process Biochemistry, 2021 - Elsevier
Abstract n-Butyl levulinate (n-BL) has numerous applications in biofuel and green solvents.
In this paper, we have reported mechanistic accounts of sonoenzymatic synthesis of n-BL
using Novozym 435. Esterification parameters were optimized with statistical design of
experiments. Application of 35 kHz sonication boosted n-BL yield from 70.9% to 92.22%.
Mechanistic investigation using Ping-Pong Bi-Bi kinetics model and molecular docking
simulations revealed interesting influence of sonication on esterification reaction. Exposure …
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