Menthol-induced bleaching rapidly and effectively provides experimental aposymbiotic sea anemones (Aiptasia sp.) for symbiosis investigations

JL Matthews, AE Sproles, CA Oakley… - Journal of …, 2016 - journals.biologists.com
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2016journals.biologists.com
Experimental manipulation of the symbiosis between cnidarians and photosynthetic
dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) is crucial to advancing the understanding of the cellular
mechanisms involved in host–symbiont interactions, and overall coral reef ecology. The
anemone Aiptasia sp. is a model for cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis, and notably it can
be rendered aposymbiotic (ie dinoflagellate-free) and re-infected with a range of
Symbiodinium types. Various methods exist for generating aposymbiotic hosts; however …
Abstract
Experimental manipulation of the symbiosis between cnidarians and photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) is crucial to advancing the understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in host–symbiont interactions, and overall coral reef ecology. The anemone Aiptasia sp. is a model for cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis, and notably it can be rendered aposymbiotic (i.e. dinoflagellate-free) and re-infected with a range of Symbiodinium types. Various methods exist for generating aposymbiotic hosts; however, they can be hugely time consuming and not wholly effective. Here, we optimise a method using menthol for production of aposymbiotic Aiptasia. The menthol treatment produced aposymbiotic hosts within just 4 weeks (97–100% symbiont loss), and the condition was maintained long after treatment when anemones were held under a standard light:dark cycle. The ability of Aiptasia to form a stable symbiosis appeared to be unaffected by menthol exposure, as demonstrated by successful re-establishment of the symbiosis when anemones were experimentally re-infected. Furthermore, there was no significant impact on photosynthetic or respiratory performance of re-infected anemones.
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