Metastable supersolid in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

WL Xia, L Chen, TT Li, Y Zhang, Q Zhu - Physical Review A, 2023 - APS
WL Xia, L Chen, TT Li, Y Zhang, Q Zhu
Physical Review A, 2023APS
Supersolid is a special state of matter with both superfluid properties and spontaneous
modulation of particle density. In this paper we focus on the supersolid stripe phase realized
in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate and explore the properties of a class of
metastable supersolids. In particular, we study a one-dimensional supersolid whose
characteristic wave number k (magnitude of wave vector) deviates from km, ie, the one in the
ground state. In other words, the period of density modulation is shorter or longer than the …
Supersolid is a special state of matter with both superfluid properties and spontaneous modulation of particle density. In this paper we focus on the supersolid stripe phase realized in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate and explore the properties of a class of metastable supersolids. In particular, we study a one-dimensional supersolid whose characteristic wave number (magnitude of wave vector) deviates from , i.e., the one in the ground state. In other words, the period of density modulation is shorter or longer than the one in the ground state. We find that this class of supersolids can still be stable if their wave numbers fall in the range , with two thresholds and . Stripes with outside this range suffer from dynamical instability with a complex Bogoliubov excitation spectrum at long wavelength. Experimentally, these stripes with different from are accessible by exciting the longitudinal spin dipole mode, resulting in temporal oscillation of the stripe period as well as . Within the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii theory, we numerically confirm that for a large enough amplitude of spin dipole oscillation, the stripe states become unstable through breaking periodicity, in qualitative agreement with the existence of thresholds of for stable stripes. Our work extends the concept of supersolid and uncovers an unconventional class of metastable supersolids to explore.
American Physical Society
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