… new mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on recent developments in the concepts of
adjuvants and innate immunity, mucosal immunity with special interest of vaccine development, …

… This article has been updated … its safety as a nasal vaccine adjuvant 88 . In summary,
toxoid adjuvants are the most advanced mucosal adjuvants, having demonstrated impressive …

… of parenterally administered vaccines. The use of adjuvants for mucosal vaccines requires
a review of the mechanisms and functions of these adjuvants on the mucosal immune system […

… Herein, we discuss a few more of nanoparticle delivery that have potential to revolutionize
mucosal vaccines by protecting and delivering the antigen … Mucosal vaccine adjuvants update …

… Of note, none of the licensed mucosal vaccines is based on … mucosal adjuvants. Despite
some progress, our understanding of mucosal immunity and development of mucosal vaccines …

… Almost all licensed mucosal vaccines are composed of whole … mucosal vaccine so far. Live
attenuated or whole cell (WC) killed vaccines are not formulated with any specific adjuvant or …

… Here, we focus on a recent archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery (AMVAD)
technology for mucosal vaccines.The polar membrane lipids in species of the Domain …

… potential pathogens at mucosal surfaces. In addition, mucosal vaccines can offer needle-free …
Challenges to successful mucosal vaccination include poor induction of mucosal immunity, …

… improved vaccines; the definition of and the need for adjuvants; … adjuvants; the current status
of vaccine adjuvants, mucosal … of ideal mucosal adjuvants, only a few mucosal vaccines are …

… -stimulatory adjuvant … mucosal vaccines that are currently used in clinical practice and
then we will develop different approaches to improve the effectiveness of mucosal vaccination. …