Wind farm design deals with the optimal placement of turbines in a wind farm. Past studies
have focused on energy-maximization, cost-minimization or revenue-maximization
objectives. As land is more extensively exploited for onshore wind farms, wind farms are
more likely to be in close proximity with human dwellings. Therefore governments,
developers, and landowners have to be aware of wind farms' environmental impacts. After
considering land constraints due to environmental features, noise generation remains the …

Recently, the environmental impact of wind farms has been receiving increasing attention.
As land is more extensively exploited for onshore wind farms, they are more likely to be in
proximity with human dwellings, increasing the likelihood of a negative health impact. Noise
generation and propagation remain an important concern for wind farm's stakeholders, as
compliance with mandatory noise limits is an integral part of the permitting process. In
contrast to previous work that included noise only as a design constraint, this work presents …