Multi-scale predictive models for the shock sensitivity of energetic materials connect energy
localization (“hotspots”) in the microstructure to macro-scale detonation phenomena.
Calculations of hotspot ignition and growth rely on models for chemical reaction rates
expressed in Arrhenius forms; these chemical kinetic models, therefore, are foundational to
the construction of physics-based, simulation-derived mesoinformed closure (reactive burn)
models. However, even for commonly used energetic materials (eg, HMX in this paper) there …

Heterogeneous energetic materials (EMs) contain microstructural defects such as voids,
cracks, interfaces, and delaminated zones. Under shock loading, these defects offer
potential sites for energy localization, ie, hotspot formation. In a porous EM, the collapse of
one void can generate propagating blast waves and hotspots that can influence the hotspot
phenomena at neighboring voids. Such void–void interactions must be accounted for in
predictive multi-scale models for the reactive response of a porous EM. To infuse such meso …