New Open‐Chain and Cyclic Tetrapeptides, Consisting of α‐, β2‐, and β3‐Amino‐Acid Residues, as Somatostatin Mimics – A Survey
D Seebach, E Dubost, RI Mathad, B Jaun… - Helvetica Chimica …, 2008 - Wiley Online Library
D Seebach, E Dubost, RI Mathad, B Jaun, M Limbach, M Löweneck, O Flögel, J Gardiner…
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2008•Wiley Online LibraryCyclo‐β‐tetrapeptides are known to adopt a conformation with an intramolecular
transannular hydrogen bond in solution. Analysis of this structure reveals that incorporation
of a β2‐amino‐acid residue should lead to mimics of 'α‐peptidic β‐turns'(cf. A, B, C). It is also
known that short‐chain mixed β/α‐peptides with appropriate side chains can be used to
mimic interactions between α‐peptidic hairpin turns and G protein‐coupled receptors. Based
on these facts, we have now prepared a number of cyclic and open‐chain tetrapeptides, 7 …
transannular hydrogen bond in solution. Analysis of this structure reveals that incorporation
of a β2‐amino‐acid residue should lead to mimics of 'α‐peptidic β‐turns'(cf. A, B, C). It is also
known that short‐chain mixed β/α‐peptides with appropriate side chains can be used to
mimic interactions between α‐peptidic hairpin turns and G protein‐coupled receptors. Based
on these facts, we have now prepared a number of cyclic and open‐chain tetrapeptides, 7 …
Abstract
Cyclo‐β‐tetrapeptides are known to adopt a conformation with an intramolecular transannular hydrogen bond in solution. Analysis of this structure reveals that incorporation of a β2‐amino‐acid residue should lead to mimics of ‘α‐peptidic β‐turns’ (cf. A, B, C). It is also known that short‐chain mixed β/α‐peptides with appropriate side chains can be used to mimic interactions between α‐peptidic hairpin turns and G protein‐coupled receptors. Based on these facts, we have now prepared a number of cyclic and open‐chain tetrapeptides, 7–20, consisting of α‐, β2‐, and β3‐amino‐acid residues, which bear the side chains of Trp and Lys, and possess backbone configurations such that they should be capable of mimicking somatostatin in its affinity for the human SRIF receptors (hsst1–5). All peptides were prepared by solid‐phase coupling by the Fmoc strategy. For the cyclic peptides, the three‐dimensional orthogonal methodology (Scheme 3) was employed with best success. The new compounds were characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry, NMR and CD spectroscopy, and, in five cases, by a full NMR‐solution‐structure determination (in MeOH or H2O; Fig. 4). The affinities of the new compounds for the receptors hsst1–5 were determined by competition with [125I]LTT‐SRIF28 or [125I] [Tyr10]‐CST14. In Table 1, the data are listed, together with corresponding values of all β‐ and γ‐peptidic somatostatin/Sandostatin® mimics measured previously by our groups. Submicromolar affinities have been achieved for most of the human SRIF receptors hsst1–5. Especially high, specific binding affinities for receptor hsst4 (which is highly expressed in lung and brain tissue, although still of unknown function!) was observed with some of the β‐peptidic mimics. In view of the fact that numerous peptide‐activated G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognize ligands with turn structure (Table 2), the results reported herein are relevant far beyond the realm of somatostatin: many other peptide GPCRs should be ‘reached’ with β‐ and γ‐peptidic mimics as well, and these compounds are proteolytically and metabolically stable, and do not need to be cell‐penetrating for this purpose (Fig. 5).
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