Nipple discharge and the efficacy of duct cytology in evaluating breast cancer risk

RT Dolan, JS Butler, MR Kell, TF Gorey, MA Stokes - the surgeon, 2010 - Elsevier
BACKGROUND: Nipple discharge accounts for up to 5% of referrals to breast surgical
services. With the vast majority of breast carcinomas originating in the ductal system,
symptomatic dysfunction of this system often raises disproportionate clinical concern. The
aim of this study is firstly, to evaluate the clinical importance of nipple discharge as an
indicator of underlying malignancy and secondly, to assess the diagnostic application of
duct cytology in patients presenting with nipple discharge. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a …
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