An extensive numerical model recently developed for the multilayer organic light-emitting
diode is described and applied to a set of real devices. The model contains a detailed
description of electrical contacts including dipolar layer formation, thermionic and tunneling
injection, space charge effects, field dependent mobilities and recombination processes.
The model is applied to simulate several single layer devices and the family of bilayer
devices made in our group. It provides insight into the energy level shifts, internal electric …