This paper discusses the possibilities of mitigation of the rolling noise in the railway vehicles by means of the rail dampers. In this context, the generation mechanism for this type of noise is therefore described. The active techniques and methods of control over the rolling noise, focused on the track infrastructure and the rolling stock are enumerated. The highlight is the rail damper from the perspective of its practical implementation and the review of the most important results concerning the reduction of the rolling noise in many European countries. The conclusions validate the difficulty found in a correct evaluation of the efficiency in the rail dampers and of their effect upon the track infrastructure–requirements for costly investments.