As the most promising environment-friendly photocatalyst, titanium dioxide admittedly has two shortcomings of low sunlight utilization efficiency and poor quantum yield. Nitrogen doping and TiO₂ loading on carbon materials can improve the above two problems, respectively. But a facile synthetic method for titanium dioxide composites with stable structure and high visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity is still desired by researchers. Herein we obtained two-dimensional layered nitrogen-doped carbon-supported titanium dioxides (N-TiO₂@C) via a one-step in-situ fabrication way from a novel two-dimensional layered transition metal carbide Ti₃C₂ MXene as carbon skeleton and homologous titanium source. Based on the negatively charged and easily oxidized property of Ti₃C₂ MXene, it was assembled with nitrogen-containing cationic compound via electrostatic interactions and then in-situ transformed into nitrogen-doped carbon-supported TiO₂ in a CO₂ atmosphere at 550 °C. The obtained composites of porous 2D layered N-TiO₂@C with high stability, outstanding electron transfer performance and excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity exhibits the high efficiency of phenol degradation with the apparent rate constant k of 1.646 × 10⁻² min⁻¹. It provides a facile new method for the preparation of visible-light-driven titanium dioxide with excellent catalytic performance, structural stability and good application prospects in the environmental purification.