Anemia and malaria, prevalent health challenges in childhood, often coexist in regions where the burden of these conditions intersects. This review explores the complexities of managing anemia in the context of malaria-affected childhood, investigating the interplay between these two conditions. We delve into the mechanisms, epidemiology, and risk factors, considering the challenges in diagnosis and clinical manifestations. Antimalarial drugs, iron supplementation, and nutritional interventions are scrutinized for their efficacy and limitations. The review emphasizes the need for integrated public health approaches to address anemia in malaria-endemic areas. Lastly, we identify current challenges and propose future research directions to optimize anemia management and pediatric health in the context of malaria. This synthesis aims to guide clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in crafting effective strategies to overcome hurdles in ensuring the well-being of children facing the dual burden of anemia and malaria.