Melt extraction from the partially molten mantle is among the fundamental processes
shaping the solid Earth today and over geological time. A diversity of properties and
mechanisms contribute to the physics of melt extraction. We review progress of the past∼ 25
years of research in this area, with a focus on understanding the speed and style of
buoyancy-driven melt extraction. Observations of U-series disequilibria in young lavas and
the surge of deglacial volcanism in Iceland suggest this speed is rapid compared to that …