Glioblastoma belongs to the most malignant intracranial tumors characterized by
indispensable growth and aggressiveness that highly associates with dismal prognosis and
therapy resistance. Tumor heterogeneity that often challenges therapeutic schemes is
largely attributed to the complex interaction of neoplastic cells with tumor microenvironment
(TME). Soluble immunoregulatory molecules secreted by glioma cells attract astrocytes,
circulating stem cells and a range of immune cells to TME, inducing a local production of …