Polyelectrolytes have proven their advantages as draw solutes in forward osmosis process
in terms of high water flux, minimum reverse flux, and ease of recovery. In this work, the
concept of a polyelectrolyte-promoted forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD)
hybrid system was demonstrated and applied to recycle the wastewater containing an acid
dye. A poly (acrylic acid) sodium (PAA-Na) salt was used as the draw solute of the FO to
dehydrate the wastewater, while the MD was employed to reconcentrate the PAA-Na draw …