This study sought to compare the frequency of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) with self-expandable valves (SEV) to balloon-expandable valves (BEV).

PPM has been associated with increased mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Data on the frequency of PPM as a function of supra-annular or intra-annular position of transcatheter heart valves are insufficient.

A total of 757 patients treated with SEV (CoreValve, Evolut R) and BEV (SAPIEN THV/XT/3) were enrolled in the present analysis between August 2007 and June 2017. PPM was classified based on discharge prosthetic effective orifice area indexed to body surface area (BSA) as severe (<0.65 cm²/m²) or moderate (0.65 to 0.85 cm²/m²) in the general population, and as severe (<0.60 cm²/m²) or moderate (0.60 to 0.90 cm²/m²) in the obese population (body mass index ≥30 kg/m²).

Propensity score matching resulted in 224 matched pairs. At discharge, SEV were associated with a lower incidence of PPM compared with BEV (PPM, 33.5% vs. 46.9%; p = 0.004; severe PPM, 6.7% vs. 15.6%; p = 0.003). The lower frequency of severe PPM in SEV was observed even in patients with larger annulus. Although patients with BSA >1.83 m² had a significantly lower incidence of PPM with SEV compared with BEV, there was no significant difference in patients with BSA ≤1.83 m². We found no impact of PPM on cardiovascular mortality or New York Heart Association functional class at 1 year.

SEV were associated with a lower frequency of PPM compared with BEV irrespective of annulus area. The difference was mainly driven by larger patients with BSA >1.83 m².