Residual stresses are important criteria for evaluating precision compression molded glass lenses. In this research, residual stresses inside a molded aspherical glass lens were investigated using both experimental and numerical methods. Specifically, residual stresses were calculated from optical measurements obtained by the use of a circular polariscope. From the measurements, both the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in the aspherical glass lens were obtained. The residual stresses were also calculated using the structural relaxation model implemented in the finite element method software, and the results were compared to the measurements in experiments that were performed using matching molding conditions. In addition, residual stresses under different cooling rates were investigated in simulation and the impact of the cooling rate on the aspherical surface deviation was also discussed.