Recent advances in the use of sodium dispersion for organic synthesis

PB De, S Asako, L Ilies - Synthesis, 2021 - thieme-connect.com
PB De, S Asako, L Ilies
Synthesis, 2021thieme-connect.com
This short review describes the recent emergence of organosodium chemistry, motivated by
the requirements of modern synthetic chemistry for sustainability, and powered by the use of
sodium dispersion, a form of sodium that is commercially available, easy to handle, and has
a large active surface area. We present recent methods for the preparation of organosodium
compounds using sodium dispersion, and their applications to synthesis. Sodium amides
and phosphides are also briefly discussed. 1 Introduction 2 Sodium Dispersion 3 …
This short review describes the recent emergence of organosodium chemistry, motivated by the requirements of modern synthetic chemistry for sustainability, and powered by the use of sodium dispersion, a form of sodium that is commercially available, easy to handle, and has a large active surface area. We present recent methods for the preparation of organosodium compounds using sodium dispersion, and their applications to synthesis. Sodium amides and phosphides are also briefly discussed.
1 Introduction
2 Sodium Dispersion
3 Preparation of Organosodium Compounds
3.1 Two-Electron Reduction of Aryl Halides
3.2 Halogen–Sodium Exchange
3.3 Directed Metalation
3.4 Cleavage of C–C and C–Heteroatom Bonds
4 Synthetic Applications
4.1 Reduction in Combination with a Proton Source
4.1.1 Bouveault–Blanc Reduction
4.1.2 Birch Reduction
4.1.3 Reductive Deuteration
4.1.4 Chemoselective Cleavage of Amides and Nitriles
4.2 Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes
5 Sodium Amides and Phosphides
6 Conclusions and Outlook
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