The cost-effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution is a major challenge for
the scientific community. Heavy metal reduction from aqueous solution using bentonite clay,
inorganic coagulants, and their mixture is a cost-effective technique. They are easily
available and cheaper compared to the activated carbon, which is widely used but an
expensive adsorbent. Bentonite is a clay mineral composed of very fine particles with high
opening volume and high specific active site. Thus, it has a significantly high absorption …

Heavy metals have always been defined as elements with a density higher than 5 g/cm3.
They are regarded as serious wastewater contaminants with detrimental effect to human and
environment. Their removal from wastewater poses a serious challenge as they require cost-
effective reagent and treatment technique. About 200 mL solution of acid mine drainage
(AMD) collected from the Western decant in Krugersdorp, South Africa was poured into five
500 mL glass beakers. Three different sets of experiments (employing mixing, shaking and …