Nanotechnology comprehends the study of various attributes of nanostructured materials at the molecular and sub-molecular levels. Nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered attention recently as a potential tool for targeted therapy in the clinical setting. Distinct benefits of nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems to overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of conventional treatments are due to their small size and thus promise a good course of action in all aspects of life. Small biological targets such as RNA, DNA and proteins can be easily manipulated by nano drug delivery vehicles. The ultimate goal of research interest in nanotechnology is to create therapeutically relevant nanoparticles (NPs) with suitable dimensions, chemical composition, and surface properties that can encapsulate the appropriate dosage of a targeted drug or molecule with improved kinetics and dynamics in a biological system. To increase safety and effectiveness, NPs facilitate transport across membranes, enhance the stability and solubility of encapsulated cargos, and improve circulation time. Inorganic NPs are used in various drug delivery and imaging applications and are manufactured to have different sizes, topologies and geometries. These factors have led to substantial NPs research that has produced positive outcomes, with inorganic NPs serving as the main focus for the delivery of the drug.