… Recruiters–from Sardars to Kanganies and Maistries–went with their recruits to the plantation
settlements as their supervisors. There, they worked as agents of the planters, negotiating …

… the sardar (leader), and in some contexts maistry or kangany, … In some later reports, the
sardar occasionally appeared as a … In most cases, however, the sardar continued on the journey, …

… or sardars in eastern India, duffadars or arkatis in migration to Assam and via Calcutta to the
sugar colonies, and maistries … was a kangany, the possibility of becoming a kangany was a …

… recruited to the coffee plantations by the Kanganies or the Maistries of the estates, by paying
… or agents such as the ‘Maistries, Kanganies, Sardars or Arkatis formed an indispensable …

… As similar monikers existed across sectors like that of “sardar”, “thekedaar”, we were able
to collate the characteristic features of the labour contractors beyond the three sectors of our …

… The most striking feature that Arbuthnott came across in these regions was that the
recruitersardar, maistry, or kangany obtained his gang from villages with which he had personal …

… Tamils was a kangany, the possibility of becoming a kangany was a … a kangany and had a
substantially higher income'. Peebles’ final point is that 'The planters demonised the kanganies…

This article aims to understand the working-class formation among Mappila Muslims in the
tea plantations of Tatamala and Cherakara, Wayanad, Kerala since the 1920s. Wayanad is …

… The plantations in Malaya also recruited migrant labour from India on a similar system called
the kangany system. An employer seeking labour would send a recruiter, the kangany, to …

… be cheated by the kanganis, sardars, or maistries (labour intermediaries) … extent, and I have
seen the Kangany cheated me. So I left my … When we demanded for our wages that Kangany …