A small-scale experimental study was conducted using liquid nitrogen to investigate the
convective heat transfer behavior of cryogenic liquids released on water. The experiment
was performed by spilling five different amounts of liquid nitrogen at different release rates
and initial water temperatures. The vaporization mass fluxes of liquid nitrogen were
determined directly from the mass loss measured during the experiment. A variation of initial
vaporization fluxes and a subsequent shift in heat transfer mechanism were observed with …

One of the LNG accident scenarios is the collision of an LNG carrier on an iceberg during
marine transportation. A collision can result in damages to the vessel and lead to the
leakage of the contents on ice or an ice-water mixture. When cryogenic liquid comes in
contact with ice, it undergoes rapid vaporization due to the difference in temperature
between the ice and cryogenic liquid. This process is different from the heat transfer
between water and cryogenic liquid as ice is a solid and thus heat transfer to the pool occurs …