This paper presents a historical analysis from socio-hydrological perspectives of the coupled
human–groundwater system of the Cangzhou region in the North China Plain (NCP). The
history of the pendulum swing for water allocation between the economic development and
aquifer environmental health of the system is divided into five eras (ie, natural, exploitation,
degradation and restoration, drought-triggered deterioration, and returning to equilibrium).
The system's evolution was interpreted using the Taiji–Tire model. Over-exploitation was …

This paper presents a historical analysis from socio-hydrological perspectives of the coupled
human-groundwater system of the Cangzhou region in the North China Plain (NCP). The
history of the" pendulum swing" for water allocation between the economic development and
aquifer environmental health of the system is divided into five eras (ie, natural, exploitation,
degradation and restoration, drought-triggered deterioration, and returning to equilibrium).
The system's evolution was interpreted using the Taiji-Tire model. Over-exploitation was …