… with different neck lengths and with uncaging potentials of different amplitudes. Our
results imply that spines have sodium channels that amplify membrane potentials. …

… are not significantly amplified by voltage-activated channels. … With respect to voltage-activated
sodium channels the … of voltage-activated sodium channels in spines on the amplitude of …

… 2B), where the potential deviated markedly from a linear increase with the current ramp (at …
postsynaptic sodium channels, with all the synaptic activity already blocked and only sodium …

… amplified by voltage-activated sodium channels, presumably also of the INaP type. As INaP
channels can be activated at membrane potentials … of EPSP amplification at the soma back to …

… strictly local voltage-gated sodium channel (Na v ) activation can occur during excitatory
postsynaptic potentials in the spines of olfactory bulb … Sodium channels amplify spine potentials. …

… increase in potential during a current ramp, but ∼5 mV below the firing level, the potential
… The ΔI was on average 1.13 ± 0.19 nA for this cell type. The plateau stopped just after firing …

… voltage-gated sodium channels and that the spine neck is not a … mechanisms regulating the
potential change in the spines. However, … a peak [Na + ] i increase of 5.7 ± 2.4 mm in a spine. …

… only a relatively small increase is needed in sodium channels of spines compared with
dendrites to … A fourfold higher density (160 pS/μm 2 ) of Na + channels in spines was needed to …

… peak amplitude of the Na + increase in active spines. Earlier calculations estimated that a
single presynaptic action potential results in a rapid Na + increase by ∼30 mm in postsynaptic …

… potential The presence and amount of amplification depend on the density of actwe channels
and on the spine… is developed in the spine head to activate the sodium channels, so that …